2025'te karşılaştığımız başlıca siber tehditler:

**Gelişmiş Kalıcı Tehditler (APT)**
- Nation-state aktörlerin sofistike saldırıları
- Supply chain saldırılarında %400 artış
- Zero-day exploit'lerin ticari piyasada yaygınlaşması
- Living off the Land (LotL) tekniklerinin artması

**AI-Powered Saldırılar**
- Deepfake destekli sosyal mühendislik
- Otomatik vulnerability scanning ve exploitation
- Polymorphic malware ile imza tabanlı algılamayı atlatma
- AI-generated phishing kampanyaları

**Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)**
- Double ve triple extortion taktikleri
- Kritik altyapı hedeflemesi
- Cryptocurrency ödeme sistemleri ile izlenebilirliği azaltma
- Backup sistemlerini hedef alan özel varyantlar

### Zero Trust Mimarisi: Güven Vermeden Doğrulama

Zero Trust, "asla güvenme, her zaman doğrula" prensibine dayanan modern güvenlik paradigması:

**Temel Prensipler**

1. **Explicit Verification**
   - Her erişim isteğini doğrula
   - Multi-factor authentication (MFA) zorunluluğu
   - Risk-based adaptive authentication
   - Continuous session validation

2. **Least Privilege Access**
   - Just-in-time (JIT) erişim yönetimi
   - Privilege Access Management (PAM)
   - Role-based access control (RBAC)
   - Attribute-based access control (ABAC)

3. **Assume Breach**
   - Mikro-segmentasyon ile blast radius minimizasyonu
   - Lateral movement engelleme
   - Data loss prevention (DLP)
   - Encrypted data at rest ve in transit

**Zero Trust Implementasyon Yol Haritası**

**Faz 1: Identity Foundation (0-6 ay)**
- Strong authentication deployment
- Single Sign-On (SSO) entegrasyonu
- Identity governance ve administration
- Privileged account discovery

**Faz 2: Device Trust (6-12 ay)**
- Endpoint detection and response (EDR)
- Mobile device management (MDM)
- Certificate-based authentication
- Device compliance policies

**Faz 3: Network Segmentation (12-18 ay)**
- Software-defined perimeter (SDP)
- Microsegmentation deployment
- East-west traffic inspection
- Cloud security posture management (CSPM)

**Faz 4: Data Protection (18-24 ay)**
- Data classification ve labeling
- Rights management services
- Cloud access security broker (CASB)
- Homomorphic encryption pilot

### AI ve Machine Learning ile Tehdit Avı

Modern SOC'lar AI/ML teknolojilerini kullanarak proaktif tehdit avı yapıyor:

**Behavioral Analytics**
- User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA)
- Anomaly detection algorithms
- Baseline deviation alerting
- Peer group analysis

**Automated Response**
- Security Orchestration, Automation and Response (SOAR)
- Playbook automation
- Auto-containment ve remediation
- Threat intelligence integration

**Predictive Security**
- Attack path modeling
- Vulnerability prioritization
- Risk scoring algorithms
- Breach likelihood indicators

### Cloud Security ve Container Güvenliği

Cloud-native uygulamaların güvenliği için özel yaklaşımlar:

**Cloud Security Posture**
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC) security scanning
- Cloud workload protection platforms (CWPP)
- Kubernetes security policies
- Serverless security considerations

**DevSecOps Integration**
- Shift-left security approach
- CI/CD pipeline security gates
- Static application security testing (SAST)
- Dynamic application security testing (DAST)
- Software composition analysis (SCA)

### Supply Chain Security

Tedarik zinciri saldırılarına karşı koruma:

**Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)**
- Component inventory management
- Vulnerability tracking
- License compliance
- Third-party risk assessment

**Vendor Risk Management**
- Security questionnaires ve audits
- Continuous monitoring
- Fourth-party risk visibility
- Incident response coordination

### Incident Response ve Recovery

Modern incident response stratejileri:

**Preparation Phase**
- Incident response plan development
- Tabletop exercises
- Purple team exercises
- Communication protocols

**Detection ve Analysis**
- SIEM correlation rules
- Threat hunting campaigns
- Forensic readiness
- Timeline reconstruction

**Containment ve Eradication**
- Network isolation procedures
- Malware removal protocols
- System hardening
- Patch management

**Recovery ve Lessons Learned**
- Business continuity planning
- Disaster recovery testing
- Post-incident review
- Security control improvements

### Regulatory Compliance ve Governance

2025 regülasyon gereksinimleri:

**Global Standards**
- ISO 27001:2022 updates
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0
- EU Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA)
- AI Act security requirements

**Industry-Specific Regulations**
- Financial services: PSD3, Basel IV
- Healthcare: Updated HIPAA requirements
- Critical infrastructure: NIS2 Directive
- Privacy: GDPR evolution, emerging privacy laws

### Siber Güvenlik Metrikleri ve KPI'lar

Güvenlik programı etkinliğini ölçme:

**Technical Metrics**
- Mean Time to Detect (MTTD): < 24 saat hedefi
- Mean Time to Respond (MTTR): < 4 saat hedefi
- Patch compliance rate: > %95
- Vulnerability remediation SLA adherence: > %90

**Business Metrics**
- Security ROI calculation
- Risk reduction percentage
- Compliance score
- Security awareness training completion

### Gelecek Hazırlığı: Quantum ve Post-Quantum Güvenlik

Kuantum bilgisayar tehdidine hazırlık:

**Crypto-Agility**
- Post-quantum cryptography migration planning
- Algorithm inventory ve assessment
- Hybrid classical-quantum approaches
- Timeline ve roadmap development